Failure processes in a full-scale landslide experiment using a rainfall simulator   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

H.?MoriwakiEmail author  T.?Inokuchi  T.?Hattanji  K.?Sassa  H.?Ochiai  G.?Wang 《Landslides》2004,1(4):277-288

A full-scale landslide experiment was conducted to clarify the failure process of a landslide triggered by rainfall, using a loose sandy soil. The experiment used a 23-m long and about 8-m high flume, consisting of three parts: an upper 30° slope section, a lower 10° slope section, and a horizontal section at the foot of the slope. The flume was sprinkled at a constant intensity of 100 mm/h. The landslide occurred first in the upper slope about 154 min after the sprinkling started, following a creep movement within 41 min. The sliding mass slid to a stop in about 5 s, compressing soils in the lower gentle slope and horizontal sections. The dynamic process related to slide movement and the fluctuation of subsurface water pressures during failure were measured and analyzed. Sequential visual observations provided a clear record of the slip surface during failure. The rapid increase of subsurface water pressure in the slope and horizontal soil layers was also recorded during failure. It was inferred that the increased water pressures in the upper slope resulted from collapse of loose soil structure during shearing in the translational slide, whereas those in the lower portion of the slope and horizontal sections resulted from a mix of soil compression and shearing by the sliding mass.  相似文献   

Specific vulnerability assessment using the<Emphasis Type="Italic"> MLPI</Emphasis> model in Datong city,Shanxi province,China     

Huaming?GuoEmail author  Yanxin?Wang 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(3):401-407

This study outlines an improved method, MLPI (modified leaching potential index) model, for delineating and mapping groundwater vulnerability and assessing groundwater vulnerability to contaminants, including degradable contaminants, radioactive elements and nondegradable pollutants. The primary objective is to produce specific sensitivity maps at city or county scale that can be used for recognition of aquifer sensitivity and for protection of groundwater quality. Groundwater vulnerability assessment using the MLPI method is applied to Datong city, Shanxi Province, with the following conclusions: (1) specific vulnerability was differentiated and ; (2) groundwater vulnerability is of temporal variation.  相似文献   

废泥浆固液分离的正交试验研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘勇健 《探矿工程》2000,(6):12-14

运用正交设计原理,通过具有代表性的试验,研究分析了各因素对泥浆固发离效果的影响,结果表明,影响混凝析主次因素为：混凝剂浓度、加量、搅拌时间。并指出混凝剂选择的方法和应注意的问题,以供工程参考。  相似文献   

Characteristics in naturally and experimentally shocked chondrites: A clue to P-T conditions of impacted asteroids     

XIE Xiande  CHEN Ming  DAI Chengda  A. El Goresy 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(5):480-486

The aim of this study is to compare the experimentally shock-induced features with those in naturally shocked chondrites and to test the feasibility of experimentally calibrating naturally induced features in shocked H- and L-chondrites. Samples of the Jilin chondrite (H5) were experimentally shock-loaded at the following peak pressures: 12, 27, 39, 53, 78, 83, 93 and 133 GPa respectively. Chondritic melts were first obtained at P>78 GPa and more than 60% melting was achieved at P~133 GPa. No high-pressure phases were observed in any of the shocked samples, neither in the deformed nor in the molten regions. Textural relations and mineral assemblages of the shocked samples are comparable to those encountered in the heavily shocked H-chondrite Yanzhuang but differ considerably from those found in heavily shocked L6 chondrites. Shock melt veins in L6 chondrites contain high-pressure polymorphs of olivine and pyroxene and high pressure liquidus phases. Scaling from shock experiments on millimeter-sized samples to natural shock features on kilometer-sized asteroids poses considerable problems in quantifying the P-T conditions during natural shock events on asteroids.  相似文献   

电子地图的色彩配合实验     

陈毓芬 《测绘学院学报》2000,17(1):53-56

在地图的色彩设计中,设计人员不仅要考虑色彩单独使用的效果,而且要考虑地图上各素的色彩配合,即各种色彩在图面上的整体感受效果。电子地图由于有极大的色彩选择空间,背景色不局限于白色,因而选色、配色比纸质地图更加复杂。用哪种简称颜色作为背景视觉效果较好？图面上各要素的色彩如何配合？针对这两个问题,作者设计了电子地图的一个色彩感受实验－色彩配合实验,利用自编的电子地图视觉感受测试构件（ＴＥＶＰ）进行了实验  相似文献   

森林植被对流域产汇流机制的影响效应分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何进知  李舒宝  张永江  单正翔 《水文》2000,20(2):11-13

通过对城西径流实验站的产汇流特性分析,得出由于森林植被的急剧减少而引起的流域产汇流特性变化,论述了森林植被对涵蓄水源以及径流的调节作用,要植树造林,恢复森林植被,实现生态环境的良性循环.  相似文献   

1999年度中俄合作岩石破裂实验研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李世愚  刘晓红  刘绮亮  和雪松  滕春凯 《国际地震动态》2000,(3):1-4

１９９９年１１月～１２月,俄罗斯科学院圣彼得堡Ｉｏｆｆｅ技术物理研究所Ｖ．Ｓ．Ｋｕｋ－ｓｅｎｋｏ教授等专家应邀来华,与中国地震局地球物理研究所和中国科学院地球物理研究所合作,在震源物理实验室开展分米级尺度岩石破裂实验研究。实验中采用了ＳＤＡＥ－８型系统,进行声发射地定位和实时显示。实验采用了多种典型构造模拟和加－卸载方式,取得了丰富的成果。该实验开辟了国际间实质性合作的新途径。  相似文献   

溶解气运移特征砂槽模型实验研究     

刘春国 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2000,30(3):257-261

借助于砂槽承压含水层模型 ,以氩溶解气为研究对象 ,模拟气体聚集或稀释的异常源产生后 ,其在含水层中的运移过程。实验包括三组 ,分别模拟在不同的气源气体流量、水头压力和承压荷载条件下氩溶解气的运移过程。在实验的基础上 ,分析研究氩溶解气的运移特征 (主要包括运移模式、运移速率和溶解气峰值含量 )与气源气体流量、水位和承压荷载压力的关系。结果表明氩溶解气在低流量的范围内呈现出与离子类似的弥散特征 ,与离子不同的是氩溶解气的运移明显地受到气源气体流量的影响。  相似文献   

煤中微量元素在土壤环境中的迁移   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

刘桂建  杨萍月  王桂梁 《地球学报》2000,21(4):423-427

煤或煤矸石中的微量元素在水等条件作用下发生变化,并从其中析出随水体进入土壤环境中,在土壤环境中发生迁移和富集,其迁移的能力受土壤环境的制约,本文通过对煤的淋溶实验,分析了煤中微量元素在土壤环境迁移的能力,根据对煤矸石堆周转土壤中微量元素的平面上和垂向上的含量变化,研究了微量元素在土壤环境中富集能力及煤中微量元素对土壤环境的影响,为正确评价煤中微量元素在土壤中的环境效应提供依据。  相似文献   

含金黄铁矿的模拟合成实验及热液作用中金富集机制   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

赵伦山  陈岳龙  叶荣 《地学前缘》1998,(2)

热液矿床中金主要以包体金和裂隙金两种赋存状态产出,裂隙金构成富矿石。金的两种析出形式,分别为热液演化过程中金的两组成矿化学反应的结果。同时,金的活化和沉淀作用与热液流体中铁的活动有密切关系。为阐明热液富金矿石形成的机理,进行了含金黄铁矿的模拟合成实验。实验是在自紧式冷封高压釜（石英管衬套）中完成的。实验的物理化学条件模拟胶东玲珑等金矿的实测成矿参数ｔ＝４００～２００℃;ｐ＝５０～１０ＭＰａ;ｃ（ＮａＣｌ＋Ｎａ２Ｓ）＝０５～１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;ｐＨ＝２～６５。装填物料为Ｆｅ２Ｏ３＋６Ｓ＋ＡｕＣｌ３·ＨＣｌ·４Ｈ２Ｏ或金粉。恒温时间为７～１２ｄ。合成黄铁矿具有完好的立方体或五角十二面体晶形。盐酸分步提取法实验证明,在黄铁矿晶体的核心部分含９０×１０－６～６０×１０－６的分散包体金,而黄铁矿边缘部分及以外的残余Ｆｅ２Ｏ３中仍含有大量的反应残余金粒。实验结果证明,在合成反应体系中只有少量的金与黄铁矿同时析出;而更多的金在残余溶液中富集,在自然热液成矿过程中这部分金可形成晚期裂隙金。实验结果与在胶东等地区热液金矿床观察到的事实吻合。  相似文献